False Results in Some Prenatal Screening Tests
FDA says patients and healthcare providers should be aware of the risk of false results with genetic non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) tests, sometimes called noninvasive prenatal testing or tests. An agency safety communication says results from such tests can provide information about the possibility of a fetus having certain genetic abnormalities that could result in a child being born with a serious health condition.
While healthcare providers widely use NIPS, FDA says, none have yet been authorized, cleared, or approved by the agency. “The accuracy and performance of NIPS tests have not been evaluated by FDA and these tests can give false results, such as reporting a genetic abnormality when the fetus does not actually have one,” the communication says. “NIPS tests are screening tests, which means the NIPS test may only tell you the risk of the fetus having certain genetic abnormalities. They are not diagnostic tests, which are generally used to more definitively confirm or rule out a suspected genetic abnormality.”
FDA says it is aware of reports that patients and healthcare providers have made critical healthcare decisions based on results from the screening tests alone and without additional confirmatory testing, including patients terminating pregnancies. “FDA is aware of cases where a screening test reported a genetic abnormality and a confirmatory diagnostic test later found that the fetus was healthy,” the communication says.
The agency says it recommends that patients discuss the benefits and risks of NIPS tests with a genetic counselor or other healthcare provider before deciding to get the tests.