FDA Halts Some Cell Clinical Trials

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FDA says it is halting and will review new clinical trials that involve sending American citizens’ living cells to “China and other hostile countries for genetic engineering and subsequent infusion back into U.S. patients, sometimes without their knowledge or consent.” An agency statement says it took action due to “mounting evidence that some of these trials failed to inform participants about the international transfer and manipulation of their biological material and may have exposed Americans’ sensitive genetic data to misuse by foreign governments, including adversaries.” It blames a data security rule finalized by the Biden administration in 2024 for the problem.

While the rule imposed export controls to limit sensitive data transfers to countries of concern, the notice says, the Biden administration specifically requested and approved a sweeping exemption that allowed U.S. companies to send trial participants’ biological samples, including DNA, for processing overseas as part of FDA-regulated clinical trials. It says the exemption applied even in cases involving companies partially owned or controlled by the Chinese Communist Party.

“The previous administration turned a blind eye and allowed American DNA to be sent abroad, often without the knowledge or understanding of trial participants,” says FDA commissioner Martin Makary. “The integrity of our biomedical research enterprise is paramount. We are taking action to protect patients, restore public trust, and safeguard U.S. biomedical leadership.”

The notice says the agency is reviewing all trials that relied on the exemption and will require companies to demonstrate full transparency, ethical consent, and domestic handling of sensitive biological materials. It says it will not allow new trials that cannot meet those standards to proceed.

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