FDA Ramps Up Global Drug Quality Oversight
FDA has sharply expanded its drug quality enforcement efforts since the end of the Covid-19 Public Health Emergency, with foreign oversight reaching all-time highs, according to the agency’s latest State of Pharmaceutical Quality report. FDA investigators conducted 972 drug quality assurance inspections in fiscal year 2024 — nearly double the 522 completed in 2022 and up from 766 in 2023, according to the report. The total includes both routine surveillance checks and targeted “for-cause” inspections at domestic and foreign facilities.
Foreign oversight accounted for more than 62% of all inspections last year — the highest share ever, the report says. The number of FDA-conducted inspections abroad jumped from 146 in 2022 to 555 in 2024, supplemented by inspections performed by mutual recognition agreement (MRA) partners, which also hit a record high of 198. India and China were top priorities, with 34% and 28% of registered sites in each country inspected, compared with 24% of U.S. sites, it says.
Inspection results showed high compliance rates overall: 93% of facilities worldwide received either “No Action Indicated” or “Voluntary Action Indicated” classifications, the report says. Compliance rates ranged from 87% in India to 98% in Europe.
Warning Letters surged to a five-year high of 105, driven largely by the uptick in inspections. More were issued to foreign sites, including 13 in China — most tied to document review requests — and nine in South Korea, where failures to test for dangerous contaminants like diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, or methanol were common violations.
Additionally, drug recalls climbed 15% to 260 events in 2024, though the number of products per recall was the lowest in five years, according to the report. The share of recalls linked to manufacturing practice deficiencies dropped from about 50% in previous years to 24%, while contamination-related recalls made up the bulk of the rest. Most recalls were tied to facilities in the U.S. (48%) and India (41%).