Foreign ‘Free-Riding’ on U.S. Drug Investment Up: Report

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The White House Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) says that foreign “free-riding” on U.S. investments and innovations in drug development has increased over the last 15 years. In a report, “Funding the Benefits to Biopharmaceutical Innovation,” CEA argues that if developed countries did not pay below the value of new products, there would be greater potential for better treatments, cures, and healthcare around the world.

The report says that the federal government and the biopharmaceutical industry have been critical to improving health by leading the way in the research and development that enables drug discovery. “In contrast,” it says, “foreign countries often do not make equal investments in the research and development that is necessary to fuel innovation and ensure the economic viability of biopharmaceutical products…. The prices of many high sales volume pharmaceutical drugs in European countries have decreased from costing an average 51% of U.S. prices in 2003 to about 32% of U.S. prices in 2017. Many other developed nations with monopoly government insurance plans can push prices below the value of the treatment as reflected by U.S. prices paid by private insurers in a free market….U.S. patients and taxpayers have largely financed the international returns to medical research and development.”

CEA has estimated that more than 70% of patented pharmaceutical profits in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries come from sales to U.S. patients, even though the U.S. represents only about one-third of the group’s gross domestic product. “Thus, U.S. patients and taxpayers finance most global research and development and company profits that make those investments economically feasible,” it says.

According to the report, the gap in prices between the U.S. and foreign countries, which appears to be widening over time, is due primarily to price controls and other nonmarket-based pricing practices in other countries that keep prices for products below the value they generate.

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