Need to Creatively Regulate Software as Device: Atty.
Attorney Benjamin Zegarelli (Mintz) says that until Congress gives FDA new authorities to regulate software as a medical device (SaMD), the agency must get creative to keep up with rapidly evolving technology. Writing in an online post, Zegarelli says that “with the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) and the proliferation of AI/ML-enabled software throughout the healthcare industry, FDA is facing enormous challenges using an outdated, procrustean regulatory framework to maintain standards of safety and quality for such software devices.”
The post says that the lack of a separate regulatory framework, risk classification system, or postmarket review method for SaMD has resulted in many challenges for FDA, especially for SaMD based on AI/ML algorithms that can change in real-time as they process data.
Zegarelli reviews the reasons why the agency can’t use a different regulatory pathway for AI/ML-enabled software, and the actions the agency still can take without legislation authorizing a new regulatory pathway.
“In the past,” he writes, “FDA has developed creative solutions using its existing device statutory authorities to enable the review of risks associated with standalone software devices (for example, evolving cybersecurity requirements and predetermined change control plans). We expect that FDA will be able to further adapt to the quickly evolving field by implementing additional testing, submission, and post-market requirements for AI/ML-enabled SaMD…. However, we hope that Congress will act at some point to give FDA additional authority to classify, authorize, and regulate AI/ML devices in a way that fits the technology, enables and incentivizes innovation, and enhances patient safety.”