Progress Seen in Sex-Inclusive Research

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Academic researchers from Northwestern University and Smith College say the number of sex-inclusive research studies has significantly increased across most biological disciplines since the National Institutes of Health implemented a 2016 policy requiring investigators to consider sex as a biological variable. Writing in eLife, the researchers say while their review indicates progress, in eight of the disciplines there was no change in the proportion of studies that included data analyzed by sex.

“The majority of studies failed to provide a rationale for single-sex studies or the lack of sex-based analyses, and those that did relied on misconceptions surrounding the hormonal variability of females,” the authors write. “Together, these data demonstrate that while sex-inclusive research practices are more commonplace, there are still gaps in analyses and reporting of data by sex in many biological disciplines.”

The authors say their results highlight a continued need for education, awareness, and advocacy surrounding sex-based research practices including the consideration of sex as a biological variable. “We call upon academic publishers to require a description of sex, rationale for single-sex studies or lack of sex-based analyses in the experimental methods,” they conclude. “In the absence of formal policies, reviewers can ask for these essential criteria. In addition, funders can also contribute to the advancement of rigorous sex-inclusive science by requiring grant proposals to include appropriate sex-based reporting and analyses and determine funding success on the evaluation of sex and other key biological variables.”

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